G

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[範例]
CTV(Chinese Translation Version)，中文譯稱。一段中文或英文的簡短說明:-:知識分類。====================================================
GAN(Generic Access Network)，通用進接網路。GAN was formerly known as UMA, until it was adopted by the 3GPP in April 2005. It describes a telecommunication system allowing seamless roaming and handover between local area networks and wide area networks using the same dual-mode mobile phone. Unfortunately the term GAN remains little known outside the 3GPP community, and the term UMA continues to be used in preference as a marketing term.:-:無線接取網路名稱。

GAP(Generic Access Profile)，通用接取架構。GAP is mandatory as a minimum requirement for all DECT voice telephony equipment as from October 1997.

GAP基本上的精神是建立一套共同的空中界面功能標準與協定架構，讓符合此架構的PP(Portable Part，DECT的手機)，無論何種廠牌，都能在符合此架構的FP(Fixed Part, DECT的基地台)中順利註冊並使用其服務(當然前提是合法使用者，此處機器不可造成人類的使用困擾)。:-:DECT協定架構名稱。

Gb interface(-)，Gb界面。GPRS網路中，BSS與SGSN間的界面。:-:GPRS網路界面。

GERAN(GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)，GSM/EDGE無線接入網。泛指GSM, GPRS或是EDGE共用的由BTS與BSC所構成的網路。:-:無線接取網路名稱。

GFSK(Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)，高斯頻移鍵入。GFSK is a type of Frequency Shift Keying modulation that utilizes a Gaussian filter to smooth positive/negative frequency deviations, which represent a binary 1 or 0. It is used by DECT, Bluetooth, FHSS, Cypress WirelessUSB, Nordic Semiconductor and z-wave devices.

Ref:
[1] Wikipedia

GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)，通用分組無線通信服務。GPRS的制訂工作始於1994年，原先預定在1997年年底能完成所有規格制訂，但是一直延後，遲至1999年才完成。GPRS包含在ETSI制定的GSM phase2+通訊技術標準中。GPRS 採分封交換(packet switching)，以多時槽(time slot)傳送封包，較經濟有效。數據率可為 14.4 kbps (1 time slot) 到115.2 kbps (8 time slots)。GPRS須在既有GSM網路上提供點對點的封包傳送模式，所以必須多引進一些設備來輔助完成數據傳輸相關的功能。此外，為了提供GPRS服務，現有GSM網路中的HLR還必須增加有關GPRS用戶數據及路由所需之資訊。GPRS提供兩種服務：點對點服務及單點對多點服務。:-:GSM系統的高速數據服務技術名稱。

gprsSSF(GPRS Service Switching Function)，gprs業務交換功能。GPRS移動智能網的功能體系結構與原有基於電話呼叫的移動智能網的體系結構類似，gsmSCF通過與gprsSSF之間的信令交互，利用業務邏輯來控制GPRS的數據傳送過程。:-:SGSN的內建功能。

Gs interface(-)，Gs界面。
1. 看起來是MSC與SGSN間的界面，邏輯上其實是VLR與SGSN間的界面，MSC只是VLR的通道而已。典型堆疊為BSSAP+/SCCP/MTP3/MTP2/E1，隨著網路的演進，SCCP以下的堆疊可以是IP或ATM。
2. This interface allows paging and station availability when it performs data transfer. When the MS is attached to the GPRS network, the SGSN keeps track of which RA (Routing Area) the MS is attached to. An RA is a part of a larger LA (Location Area). When a MS is paged this information is used to conserve network resources. When the MS performs a PDP Context, the SGSN has the exact BTS the MS is using.:-:GPRS網路界面名稱。
Ref:
[-] Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Core_Network
[-] ETSI TS 101 346 V7.5.0 (2001-12)Technical SpecificationDigital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) -Visitors Location Register (VLR);Gs interface layer 3 specification(3GPP TS 09.18 version 7.5.0 Release 1998)

GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications)，全球移動通訊系統。1987年5月GSM成員國達成一致，確定了GSM最重要的幾項關鍵技術。1989年ETSI〔歐洲電信標準協會〕從CEPT接手標準的制定工作。1992年GSM Phase 1標準完成。到了1996年，Phase 2已經完成了原先GSM所預期需要達成的目標，並且建立了增進現有GSM技術的架構。:-:2G無線通信系統。

GSM Phase 1 features: (1992年完成)
- Call Forwarding
- All Calls
- No Answer
- Engaged
- Unreachable
- Call Barring
- Outgoing - Bar certain outgoing calls
- Incoming - Bar certain incoming calls
- Global roaming - Visit any other country with GSM and a roaming agreement and use your phone and existing number*

GSM Phase 2 features:
- SMS - Short Message Service - Allows you to send text messages too and from phones
- Multi Party Calling - Talk to five other parties as well as yourself at the same time
- Call Holding - Place a call on Hold
- Call Waiting - Notifies you of another call whilst on a call
- Mobile Data Services - Allows handsets to communicate with computers
- Mobile Fax Service - Allows handsets to send, retrieve and receive faxes
- Calling Line Identity Service - This facility allows you to see the telephone number of the incoming caller on our handset before answering
- Advice of Charge - Allows you to keep track of call costs
- Cell Broadcast - Allows you to subscribe to local news channels
- Mobile Terminating Fax - Another number you are issued with that receives faxes that you can then download to the nearest fax machine.

GSM Phase 2 + features (1998年完成，GPRS於1999年完成)
- Upgrade and improvements to existing services
- Majority of the upgrade concerns data transmission, including bearer services and packet switched data at 64 kbit/s and above
- DECT access to GSM
- PMR/Public Access Mobile Radio (PAMR)-like capabilities
- GSM in the local loop
- Virtual Private Networks
- Packet Radio
- SIM enhancements
- Premium rate services
- Enhanced Data-over-GSM Speeds

自1991年以來，歐洲ETSI分別製訂了GSM第1階段和第2階段的標準。到1998年第2＋階段的標準已快全部完成。第2＋階段的主要標準包括了CAMEL（移動通信高級邏輯的客戶化應用程式）、SOR（支持最佳路由）、立即計費、DECT接入GSM和GSM900／1800雙頻段運作等。另外還有GPRS和HSCSD（高速線路交換型數據通信）等數據通信的標準。GSM第2＋階段的標準製訂了84個工作項目，其中50個屬于電信業務標準，34個屬于網路技術標準。這50個電信業務中的大多數都是由CAMEL支持的、基于智能網技術的電信補充業務。

GSM頻帶:
GSM400:
- DL: 460.4 - 467.6 MHz; UL: 450.4 - 457.6 MHz (channel numbers 259 to 293)
- DL: 488.8 - 496 MHz; UL: 478.8 - 486 MHz (channel numbers 306 to 340)

GSM850:
- DL: 869 - 894 MHz; UL: 824 - 849 MHz

GSM900: (P-GSM)(Primary GSM)
- DL: 935 - 960 MHz; UL: 890 - 915 MHz

E-GSM:
- DL: 925 - 960 MHz; UL: 880 - 915 MHz

R-GSM:
- DL: 921 - 960 MHz; UL: 876 - 915 MHz

GSM1800:
- DL: 1805 - 1880 MHz; UL: 1710 - 1785 MHz

GSM1900:
- DL: 1930 - 1990 MHz; UL: 1850 - 1910 MHz

Ref:
[-] Wikipedia
[-] 鄭瑞光，GSM的分封數據服務－GPRS
[-] GSM Phase Implementation in: http://www.cellular.co.za/gsm-phase.htm#GSM%20Phase%201%20features
[-] 王軍，電信科學TELECOMMUNICATIONS SCIENCE1998年 第14卷 第7期 VOL.14 No.7 1998。
[-] Rohde & Schwarz poster: Wireless Communication Standards

GSM400 (-)，GSM頻段400MHz。In April 1998 a Digital Interest Group (DIG) was formed to investigate the migration options open to NMT 450 operators. During 1998, the DIG prepared a detailed Requirement Specification with which vendors could comply.

The DIG group investigated three possible technologies as potential digital versions of NMT and, in October 1999, the results of the investigations were presented with the majority of the NMT MoU operators expressing their preference for the GSM 400 solution.

GSM 400 is a band that brings access to this world-leading standard for NMT 450 operators, as well as offering a coverage bonus effect to current GSM operators worldwide. GSM 400 will evolve with the core GSM specification and will include seamless roaming with other GSM bands.

Another less common GSM version is GSM-400. It uses the same frequency as and can co-exist with old analog NMT systems. NMT is a first generation (1G) mobile phone system which was primarily used in Nordic countries, Eastern Europe and Russia prior to the introduction of GSM.

It operates in either 450.4 - 457.6 MHz paired with 460.4 - 467.6 MHz (channel numbers 259 to 293), or 478.8 - 486 MHz paired with 488.8 - 496 MHz (channel numbers 306 to 340).
:-:GSM special band.

Ref:
[-] http://www.cellular.co.za/gsm_400.htm
[-] Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_frequency_ranges#GSM-400

gsmSCF(GSM Service Control Function)，gsm業務控制功能。gsmSCF是移動智能網的核心，負責執行CAMEL業務邏輯、控制呼叫接續和計費等。:-:MSC的內建功能。

GTTP(GPRS Transparent Transport Procedure)，。While in dedicated mode, upper layers in the mobile station or in the network may request the transport of GPRS information transparently over the radio interface.

This procedure is only applicable when- the information from upper layers is signalling information and- the GTTP length of the message is below the maximum indicated by the network.In any other case, the RR procedures related to packet resource establishment while in dedicated mode apply.The information from upper layers shall be carried inside the GTTP Information message.

The GTTP Informationmessage contains:
- the TLLI of the MS and
- the LLC PDU. :-: RR

GUP(General User Profile)，通用用戶信息。GUP為存儲於並由不同實體管理(如終端、歸屬網絡、拜訪網絡、增值業務供應商等) 的用戶信息的蒐集。:-:UMTS網路元件(3GPP R6)。

070829r13版本